This process, first reported by erasmus bartholinus in 1669, is called double refraction. To prove laws of reflection we use the principle that time taken by the ray to move from incident to reflected wavefront should be same for all rays. Ray optics treats light as either traveling in a straight line, refracting at a surface or reflecting at a surface and then continuing in a straight line to another surface. The properties of prisms, mirrors, and lenses are best understood in terms of light rays. Firstorder optics a thirdorder optics, aberrations b higherorder approximations 3. Mar 24, 2019 this is a complete set of notes of ray optics and optical instruments which is a part of physics syllabus for neet, jee. When two waves of exactly same frequency coming from two coherent sources travels in a medium, in the same direction simultaneously then due to their superposition, at some points intensity of light is maximum while at some other points intensity is minimum.
Questions in this class notes are solved in a very easy and simple manner using short. Linear ray and wave optics in phase space request pdf. It focuses primarily on the wave and ray descriptions of light. The ray matrix technique is a fast way to gain an understanding of how a ray of light propagates through a series of optics.
Knowing this, however, is not the same as knowing everything about eyes and telescopes. Optics 3 3 note that if the incident light is already polarized, special orientations exist for which all of the. Ray optics geometrical optics covered by lecture introduction to optical modeling the topic of ray optics geometrical optics is not covered in the course fundamentals of modern optics. Important notes are also helpful for revision when you have less time and have to study many topics. A light ray is a line straight or curved that is perpendicular to the lights wavefronts. Shiksha house is an education related channel to teach cbse, icse. The direction of propagation is perpendicular to the wavefronts or wave crests and is represented by an arrow like a ray. Bungy jumping is an increasingly popular sport, with a growing clientele of. The corpuscular model predicted that if the ray of light on refraction bends towards the normal then the speed of light would be. Physics of light and optics justin peatross michael ware brigham young university august 14, 2008.
Request pdf linear ray and wave optics in phase space ray, wave and quantum concepts are central to diverse and seemingly incompatible models of. Light passing through a calcite crystal is split into two rays. August 29, 2012 using fermats least optical path principle the family of raytrajectories through a special but common type of. The distance between successive wave fronts is the wavelength. Download revision notes for wave optics class 12 notes and score high in exams. Every year there are 12 questions asked from this topic. These two light rays bc and ef are parallel and superimpose and produce interference. At what minimum distance from the common center, bright fringe from one interference pattern coincides with bright fringe from other. New cartesian sign convention for spherical mirrors. This course provides an introduction to optical science with elementary engineering applications. Ncert solutions class 12 physics chapter 10 wave optics. Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 10 wave.
Introduction wave optics and ray matrices are two techniques that have been used for many years to model complex optical systems. Physics mcqs for class 12 chapter wise with answers pdf download was prepared based on latest exam pattern. This is the 3d animated lesson with explanation which is very interesting and easy to understand way of learning by shiksha house. Students can solve ncert class 12 physics wave optics mcqs pdf with answers to know their preparation level. Wave optics wave front the wave front at any instant is defined as the locus of all the particles of the medium which are in the same state of vibration.
Wave optics, ray matrices, image rotation, image translation, optical system modeling. Download cbse class 12th revision notes for chapter 10 wave optics in pdf format for free. Free pdf download of ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments solved by expert teachers as per ncert cbse textbook guidelines. Twodimensional examples of wave rays and wave fronts in the scattering of plane and cylindrical electromagnetic waves as well as of gaussian. Nov, 2017 this is the 3d animated lesson with explanation which is very interesting and easy to understand way of learning by shiksha house. We also present a 3d deconvolution method for light field microscopy that is able to reconstruct volumes at higher spatial resolution, and with better optical sectioning, than previously reported. Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 10 wave optics chapter end exercises with solutions and additional exercises solutions in pdf form free download updated for new academic session 20202021. Ray optics and optical instruments class 12 notes pdf download. We will instead spend most of this book making use of a simpler model of light, the ray model, which does a fine job in most practical situations.
The transmission of optical waves through simple optical components such as mirrors, prisms, lenses, and gratings is examined. As the wave propagates, let us assume in the positive x direction, any point on the wave pattern is displaced by dx in a time dt see figure 1. Geometric optics describes how rays propagate through an optical system. We establish that ray optics can be derived from wave optics. Download ncert books 202021 for new session based on latest cbse syllabus. In this paper, we present an optical model for light field microscopy based on wave optics, instead of previously reported ray optics models.
The incident ray, normal and reflected ray all lie in the same plane. August 29, 2012 using fermats least optical path principle the family of raytrajectories through a special but common type of a gradient refractive index lens, nr n. That is, the normal is along the radius, the line joining the centre of curvature of the mirror to the point of incidence. Please practice these derivations from optics to excel in physics for class 12 cbse physics. The ray matrix technique is a fast way to gain an understanding of how a ray of light propagates through a series of.
Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 9 ray optics. Wave optics theory and 3d deconvolution for the light. Fundamentals of modern optics institute of applied physics. Allen institute wave optics class notes pdf for jee main. All chapter 9 ray optics and optical instruments exercises questions with solutions to help you to revise complete syllabus and boost your score more in examinations.
Free optics books download ebooks online textbooks tutorials. The wave optics class notes pdf is the compilation of detailed theory part, solved examples, hc verma questions and previous year questions. Waves and optics regular waves and optics worksheets and solutions wr1b. Ray and waveoptics markus selmke, frank cichos molecular nanophotonics, institute of experimental physics i, university of leipzig, 04103, leipzig dated. Here we are providing allen institute wave optics class notes pdf for jee main 2018 exam. Join the discussion forum to discuss your queries about nios board as well as cbse board. Ray optics and optical instruments 311 this case is to be taken as normal to the tangent to surface at the point of incidence. Download wave optics class notes pdf free of cost from below and share the post. On a screen parallel with the laser ray a bright light spot is observed at a distance 373 mm. Wave optics is an important topic from jee main jee advanced exam point of view. Interference, an important manifestation of the wave nature of light, is the subject the last portion of this chapter.
Waveoptics and ray matrices are two techniques that have been used for many years to model complex optical systems. It is extremely useful for designing ordinary lenses. Strictly speaking, ray optics is the limit of wave optics when the wavelength is infinitesimally small. Or aan imaginary surface passing through particles oscillating with same phase is known as. It focuses primarily on the wave and ray descriptions of light, but also includes a brief introduction to the quantum description of light. Important notes of physics for neet, jee for ray optics and optical instruments are useful for all aspirants preparing for entrance exams including jee, neet. Wave optics fundamentals of photonics wiley online library. According to wave theory of light, the light is a form of energy which travels through a medium in the form of transverse wave motion. Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 10 in english medium free to download in pdf form for new session 20202021. It explained the laws of reflection and refraction of light at an interface. We have already studied that the geometric centre of a spherical mirror is called its pole while. Free pdf download of cbse physics multiple choice questions for class 12 with answers chapter 10 wave optics. Physics mcqs for class 12 with answers chapter 10 wave optics. Ray optics geometrical optics covered by lecture introduction to optical.
In fact, the full description of light as a wave can be rather cumbersome. The time taken for light to travel from one wavefront to another is the same. Workshop tutorials for biological and environmental physics wr1b. The angle of incidence is always equal to angle of reflection. This is a complete set of notes of ray optics and optical instruments which is a part of physics syllabus for neet, jee. Preface this book provides an introduction to the eld of optics from a physics perspective. Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 10 wave optics. Combination of mirrors concept of virtual object jee neet youtube. The incidence light ray ab is divided into two light rays ray 1 bc and ray 2 ef by the division of amplitude principle. Propagation, interference and diffraction of waves. These are the wave optics class 12 notes prepared by team of expert teachers. The intensity of interference fringe depends up on the path difference between the ray 1 and ray 2.
As the wave propagates, let us assume in the positive x direction, any point on the wave pattern is displaced by dx in. Jan 22, 2020 free pdf download of cbse physics multiple choice questions for class 12 with answers chapter 10 wave optics. The speed of light in a medium depends upon the nature of medium. Ray optics fundamentals of photonics wiley online library. Refraction and reflection of plane waves using huygens principle.
Class 12 physics revision notes for chapter 10 wave optics. The study of light as a wave is called wave optics. All the distance measurements are done from pole of the. They bend at the interface between two dissimilar media and may be curved in a medium in which the refractive index changes. These video tutorials along with short notes will teach you the basics of wave theory of light or wave optics, huygens principle and wave theories of reflection, refraction, superposition and interference, diffraction, and polarization etc for cbse, iitjee, medical entrance and various state board exams preparation. A wave front is the locus of points having the same phase of oscillation. This book provides an introduction to the field of optics from a physics perspective.
With wave opticscommonly referred to as physical opticswe are able to account for. Script fundamentals of modern optics, fsu jena, prof. The time taken for light to travel from one wavefront to another is the same along any ray. Each ray travels a different distance to reach a common point on a. Topics covered include re ection and transmission at boundaries, dispersion, polarization e ects, di raction, coherence, ray optics and imaging, the propagation of light in matter, and the quantum nature of. Ray optics is based on rectilinear propagation of light, and deals with mirrors, lenses, reflection, refraction, etc.
Thus the electromagnetic theory of light electromagnetic optics encompasses wave optics, which, in turn, encompasses ray optics. Mar 05, 2019 class 12 physics notes chapter 10 wave optics. Ncert solutions for class 12 physics chapter 9 ray optics and. Wave optics class 12 notes physics mycbseguide cbse. Nov 07, 2017 ray optics treats light as either traveling in a straight line, refracting at a surface or reflecting at a surface and then continuing in a straight line to another surface. In our discussions of geometric optics we completely ignored the fact that light can. Rays are the lines perpendicular to the wavefront, which show the direction of propagation of energy. It is a medium through which light is propagated partially. Ray optics and wave optics provide approximate models of light which. Wave and optics wave optics bsc pdf wave optics wave optics by sanjeev gupta optics ray optics integrated optics introduction to optics dc pandey optics introduction to optics introduction to optics lastminute optics physical optics pdf physical optics sl arrora ray optics imtroduction to optics fibre optics pdf geometric optics pdf geometrical. It is a medium through which light can be propagated easily.
Models for light propagation a ray model geometric optics b wave model physical optics c photon model quantum optics 2. Revision notes on ray optics and optical instruments. Drawing this figure for a light wave does not mean that light rays move up and down in the air. The figure is trying to say that electric field at a point is increasing and decreasing oscillating as the light passes by. It is often used to analyse the focussing of light through lenses or.
465 749 669 1056 563 1258 213 1173 1086 919 1179 1395 909 112 657 997 249 129 889 1492 163 63 562 1261 1385 992 1252 481 190 375 31 872 87 1444